The Emperor’s Birthday (Tennō Tanjōbi) is a national holiday in Japan that honors the reigning emperor’s birth. It is a unique celebration, as the date changes with each new emperor. Currently, it is observed on February 23, the birthday of Emperor Naruhito, who ascended the throne in 2019.
Quick Facts
- When is it? February 23
- Tagged as: National holiday, cultural heritage
- What’s the hashtag? #EmperorsBirthday
- When was it founded? Officially established as a national holiday in 1948
- Who founded it? The Japanese government under post-war constitutional reforms
History of Emperor’s Birthday
The tradition of celebrating the emperor’s birthday dates back to ancient times but became a formal public holiday during the Meiji Era (1868–1912). Originally called Tenchosetsu (meaning “The sky and earth are eternal”), it symbolized hope for the emperor’s everlasting reign. After World War II, the holiday was renamed Tennō Tanjōbi to reflect a more modern and symbolic monarchy. Each emperor’s birthday marks a new chapter in this ongoing tradition.
Timeline
- 660 BCE: Mythical Emperor Jimmu begins Japan’s imperial lineage.
- 1868: Emperor Meiji’s birthday becomes a public celebration during his reign.
- 1948: The Emperor’s Birthday is officially declared a national holiday by law.
- 2019: Emperor Naruhito ascends the throne, moving the holiday to February 23.
Dates by Next Year (2025–2030)
| Year | Month and Date | Day |
|---|---|---|
| 2025 | February 23 | Sunday |
| 2026 | February 23 | Monday |
| 2027 | February 23 | Tuesday |
| 2028 | February 23 | Wednesday |
| 2029 | February 23 | Friday |
| 2030 | February 23 | Saturday |
Observed
On this day, thousands gather at Tokyo’s Imperial Palace for a rare opportunity to enter its inner grounds. The emperor and members of the imperial family appear on the balcony to greet well-wishers waving Japanese flags and cheering “Banzai!” Public ceremonies, parades, and cultural performances take place across Japan.
Fun Facts About Emperor’s Birthday
- It’s one of only two days when the Imperial Palace opens to the public (the other being New Year’s Day).
- The Japanese monarchy is the oldest hereditary monarchy in the world, tracing back over 1,500 years.
- Previous emperors’ birthdays often remain public holidays under different names (e.g., Showa Day for Emperor Hirohito).
Quiz
- What does “Tennō Tanjōbi” mean in English?
- When was Emperor Naruhito born?
- How many emperors have ruled Japan?
Answers:
- Emperor’s Birthday
- February 23, 1960
- 126
FAQs
Q: Why does the date of this holiday change?
A: The date reflects the birthday of the current reigning emperor.
Q: What happens if there is no reigning emperor?
A: In rare cases like abdication or transition periods, the holiday may not be observed.
Q: Can foreign visitors attend celebrations at the Imperial Palace?
A: Yes! Visitors are welcome to join public events on this day.
Related
- Greenery Day (Midori no Hi) – Formerly Emperor Showa’s birthday
- Constitution Day (Kenpō Kinenbi) – Another important Japanese national holiday
- New Year’s Day (Shogatsu) – A time when the Imperial Palace also opens to visitors